Measure ID
NMB-02
Domain
Neuromuscular Monitoring
Description

Administration of Neostigmine, Sugammadex, and/or Edrophonium before extubation for cases with non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade.

Measure Type
Process
Rationale

Postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade can lead to significant complications.1,2  Several studies have found associations between the use of neuromuscular blockade agents (NMBA) and residual neuromuscular blockade in the recovery room.   Adverse postoperative respiratory outcomes are even more frequent when patients receive NMBA and reversal agents are not used.  A mainstay of residual blockade prevention continues to be monitoring to allow for detection, and use of reversal agents like neostigmine and sugammadex.3-5 Due to variability in duration of muscle relaxants, even in defasciculating doses, we recommend that TOF is monitored when any non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers are administered.

Threshold
90%
Measure Time Period

Anesthesia Start to Earliest Extubation

Inclusions

All patients that have received a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (NMB) AND were extubated post-operatively. 

The following NMBs given as bolus, defasciculating doses or infusion are included and require reversal:

  • Atracurium
  • Cisatracurium
  • Pancuronium
  • Rocuronium
  • Vecuronium
Exclusions
  • ASA 5 and 6 cases.
  • Patients that were not extubated in the immediate post-operative period.
  • Patients not given NMBs
Success Criteria

Documentation of neostigmine, Sugammadex, and/or edrophonium before earliest extubation OR An acceleromyography ratio of ≥ 0.9 documented after last dose of NMB and before earliest extubation.

Other Measure Details

Cases that recieve defasciculating doses of NMBs are included in this measure and require documentation of neostigmine, sugammadex or edrophonium before earliest extubation to pass.

Provider Attribution

The provider(s) signed in at time of earliest extubation.

MPOG Concept Used

Neuromuscular

  • 10043 Atracurium
  • 10129 Cisatracurium
  • 10344 Pancuronium
  • 10393 Rocuronium
  • 10446 Vecuronium

Reversal

  • 10170 Edrophonium
  • 10315 Neostigmine
  • 10739 Sugammadex

Extubation

  • 50127 Intubation Extubated Awake or Deep
  • 50202 Emergence- Patient Extubated
  • 50145 Airway – Laryngeal mask airway removed (deep or awake)

Train of Four

  • 3485  Train-of-four (Acceleromyography)
References
  1. McLean DJ, Diaz-Gil D, Farhan HN, Ladha KS, Kurth T, Eikermann M. Dose-dependent Association between Intermediate-acting Neuromuscular-blocking Agents and Postoperative Respiratory Complications. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(6):1201-1213.
  2. Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Avram MJ, et al. Residual Neuromuscular Block in the Elderly: Incidence and Clinical Implications. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(6):1322-1336.
  3. Brull SJ, Murphy GS. Residual neuromuscular block: lessons unlearned. Part II: methods to reduce the risk of residual weakness. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2010;111(1):129-140.
  4. Bulka CM, Terekhov MA, Martin BJ, Dmochowski RR, Hayes RM, Ehrenfeld JM. Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Reversal, and Risk of Postoperative Pneumonia. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(4):647-655.
  5. Lien CA, Kopman AF. Current recommendations for monitoring depth of neuromuscular blockade. Current opinion in anaesthesiology. 2014;27(6):616-622.
Measure Reviewer(s)
Next Review: 2024
 Date Reviewed  Reviewer  Institution  Summary  QC Vote

09/27/2021

Tim Dubovoy

Michigan Medicine

Review

Modify

Version
Published Date: 02/2015
 Date  Criteria  Revision
 11/09/2021  Multiple

 Remove Cardiac exclusion: per Cardiac Subcommittee

 Remove 3 hour period of no NMB as marker of success 

 Remove 2 hour period of no NMB as marker of success: per Pediatric Subcommittee 

 Remove defasciculating dose exclusion